Containing Dubious and Spurious Pieces. (Cont.)
A Discourse by the Most Blessed Hippolytus, Bishop and Martyr, on the End of the World, and on Antichrist, and on the Second Coming of Our Lord Jesus Christ. (Cont.)
XLII.
Come, ye saints, who disciplined yourselves in mountains and caves and dens of the earth, who honoured my name by continence and prayer and virginity. Come, ye maidens, who desired my bride-chamber, and loved no other bridegroom than me, who by your testimony and habit of life were wedded to me, the immortal and incorruptible Bridegroom. Come, ye friends of the poor and the stranger. Come, ye who kept my love, as I am love. Come, ye who possess peace, for I own that peace. Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you, ye who esteemed not riches, ye who had compassion on the poor, who aided the orphans, who helped the widows, who gave drink to the thirsty, who fed the hungry, who received strangers, who clothed the naked, who visited the sick, who comforted those in prison, who helped the blind, who kept the seal of the faith inviolate, who assembled yourselves together in the churches, who listened to my Scriptures, who longed for my words, who observed my law day and night, who endured hardness with me like good soldiers, seeking to please me, your heavenly King. Come, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. Behold, my kingdom is made ready; behold, paradise is opened; behold, my immortality is shown in its beauty.71 [Isa_23:17] Come all, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.
XLIII.
Then shall the righteous answer, astonished at the mighty and wondrous fact that He, whom the hosts of angels cannot look upon openly, addresses them as friends, and shall cry out to Him, Lord, when saw we Thee an hungered, and fed Thee? Master,72 when saw we Thee thirsty, and gave Thee drink? Thou Terrible One,73 when saw we Thee naked, and clothed Thee? Immortal,74 when saw we Thee a stranger, and took Thee in? Thou Friend of man,75 when saw we Thee sick or in prison, and came unto Thee? (Mat_25:37, etc.) Thou art the ever-living One. Thou art without beginning, like the Father,76 and co-eternal with the Spirit. Thou art He who made all things out of nothing. Thou art the prince of the angels. Thou art He at whom the depths tremble. (4 Esdras 3:8) Thou art He who is covered with light as with a garment. (Psa_104:2) Thou art He who made us, and fashioned us of earth. Thou art He who formed77 things invisible. (Col_1:16) From Thy presence the whole earth fleeth away, (Rev_20:11) and how have we received hospitably Thy kingly power and lordship?
XLIV.
Then shall the King of kings make answer again, and say to them, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. Inasmuch as ye have received those of whom I have already spoken to you, and clothed them, and fed them, and gave them to drink, I mean the poor who are my members, ye have done it unto me. But come ye into the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; enjoy for ever and ever that which is given you by my Father in heaven, and the holy and quickening Spirit. And what mouth then will be able to tell out those blessings which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love Him? (Isa_64:4; 1Co_2:9)
XLV.
Ye have heard of the ceaseless joy, ye have heard of the immoveable kingdom, ye have heard of the feast of blessings without end. Learn now, then, also the address of anguish with which the just Judge and the benignant God shall speak to those on the left hand in unmeasured anger and wrath, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. Ye have prepared these things for yourselves; take to yourselves also the enjoyment of them. Depart from me, ye cursed, into the outer darkness, and into the unquenchable fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. I made you, and ye gave yourselves to another. I am He who brought you forth from your mother’s womb, and ye rejected me. I am He who fashioned you of earth by my word of command, and ye gave yourselves to another. I am He who nurtured you, and ye served another. I ordained the earth and the sea for your maintenance and the bound78 of your life, and ye listened not to my commandments. I made the light for you, that ye might enjoy the day, and the night also, that ye might have rest; and ye vexed me, and set me at nought with your wicked words, and opened the door to the passions. Depart from me, ye workers of iniquity. I know you not, I recognise you not: ye made yourselves the workmen of another lord – namely, the devil. With him inherit ye the darkness, and the fire that is not quenched, and the worm that sleepeth not, and the gnashing of teeth.
XLVI.
For I was an hungered, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and ye visited me not: I was in prison, and ye came not unto me. I made your ears that ye might hear the Scriptures; and ye prepared them for the songs of demons, and lyres, and jesting. I made your eyes that you might see the light of my commandments, and keep them; and ye called in fornication and wantonness, and opened them to all other manner of uncleanness. I prepared your mouth for the utterance of adoration, and praise, and psalms, and spiritual odes, and for the exercise of continuous reading; and ye fitted it to railing, and swearing, and blasphemies, while ye sat and spoke evil of your neighbours. I made your hands that ye might stretch them forth in prayers and supplications, and ye put them forth to robberies, and murders, and the killing of each other. I ordained your feet to walk in the preparation of the Gospel of peace, both in the churches and the houses of my saints; and ye taught them to run to adulteries, and fornications, and theatres, and dancings, and elevations.79
XLVII.
At last the assembly is dissolved, the spectacle of this life ceaseth: its deceit and its semblance are passed away. Cleave to me, to whom every knee boweth, of things in heaven, and things on earth, and things under the earth. For all who have been negligent, and have not shown pity in well-doing there, have nothing else due them than the unquenchable fire. For I am the friend of man, but yet also a righteous Judge to all. For I shall award the recompense according to desert; I shall give the reward to all, according to each man’s labour; I shall make return to all, according to each man’s conflict. I wish to have pity, but I see no oil in your vessels. I desire to have mercy, but ye have passed through life entirely without mercy. I long to have compassion, but your lamps are dark by reason of your hardness of heart. Depart from me. For judgment is without mercy to him that hath showed no mercy. (Jam_2:13)
XLVIII.
Then shall they also make answer to the dread Judge, who accepteth no man’s person: Lord, when saw we Thee an hungered, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and ministered not unto Thee? Lord, dost Thou know us not? Thou didst form us, Thou didst fashion us, Thou didst make us of four elements, Thou didst give us spirit and soul. On Thee we believed; Thy seal we received, Thy baptism we obtained; we acknowledged Thee to be God, we knew Thee to be Creator; in Thee we wrought sights, through Thee we cast out demons, for Thee we mortified the flesh, for Thee we preserved virginity, for Thee we practised chastity, for Thee we became strangers on the earth; and Thou sayest, I know you not, depart from me! Then shall He make answer to them, and say, Ye acknowledged me as Lord, but ye kept not my words. Ye were marked with the seal of my cross, but ye deleted it by your hardness of heart. Ye obtained my baptism, but ye observed not my commandments. Ye subdued your body to virginity, but ye kept not mercy, but ye did not cast the hatred of your brother out of your souls. For not every, one that saith to me, Lord, Lord, shall be saved, but he that doeth my will. (Mat_7:23) And these shall go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into life eternal. (Mat_25:46)
XLIX.
“Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee the crown of life.”
Ye have heard, beloved, the answer of the Lord; ye have learned the sentence of the Judge; ye have been given to understand what kind of awful scrutiny awaits us, and what day and what hour are before us. Let us therefore ponder this every day; let us meditate on this both day and night, both in the house, and by the way, and in the churches, that we may not stand forth at that dread and impartial judgment condemned, abased, and sad, but with purity of action, life, conversation, and confession; so that to us also the merciful and benignant God may say, “Thy faith hath saved thee, go in peace;” (Luk_7:50) and again, “Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many, things: enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.” (Mat_25:23) Which joy may it be ours to reach, by the grace and kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom pertain glory, honour, and adoration, with His Father, who is without beginning, and His holy, and good, and quickening Spirit, now and ever, and to the ages of the ages. Amen. [Here follows the text, Rev_2:10, transplanted above.]
Hippolytus on the Twelve Apostles. Where Each of Them Preached, and Where He Met His End.
1. Peter preached the Gospel in Pontus, and Galatia, and Cappadocia, and Betania, and Italy, and Asia, and was afterwards crucified by Nero in Rome with his head downward, as he had himself desired to suffer in that manner.
2. Andrew preached to the Scythians and Thracians, and was crucified, suspended on an olive tree, at Patrae, a town of Achaia; and there too he was buried.
3. John, again, in Asia, was banished by Domitian the king to the isle of Patmos, in which also he wrote his Gospel and saw the apocalyptic vision; and in Trajan’s time he fell asleep at Ephesus, where his remains were sought for, but could not be found.
4. James, his brother, when preaching in Judea, was cut off with the sword by Herod the tetrarch, and was buried there.
5. Philip preached in Phrygia, and was crucified in Hierapolis with his head downward in the time of Domitian, and was buried there.
6. Bartholomew, again, preached to the Indians, to whom he also gave the Gospel according to Matthew, and was crucified with his head downward, and was buried in Allanum,80 a town of the great Armenia.81
7. And Matthew wrote the Gospel in the Hebrew tongue,82 and published it at Jerusalem, and fell asleep at Hierees, a town of Parthia.
8. And Thomas preached to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, Hyrcanians, Bactrians, and Margians,83 and was thrust through in the four members of his body with a pine spears84 at Calamene,85 the city of India, and was buried there.
9. And James the son of Alphaeus, when preaching in Jerusalem, was stoned to death by the Jews, and was buried there beside the temple.
10. Jude, who is also called Lebbaeus, preached to the people of Edessa,86 and to all Mesopotamia, and fell asleep at Berytus, and was buried there.
11. Simon the Zealot,87 the son of Clopas, who is also called Jude, became bishop of Jerusalem after James the Just, and fell asleep and was buried there at the age of 120 years.
12. And Matthias, who was one of the seventy, was numbered along with the eleven apostles, and preached in Jerusalem, and fell asleep and was buried there.
13. And Paul entered into the apostleship a year after the assumption of Christ; and beginning at Jerusalem, he advanced as far as Illyricum, and Italy, and Spain, preaching the Gospel for five-and-thirty years. And in the time of Nero he was beheaded at Rome, and was buried there.
The Same Hippolytus on the Seventy Apostles.88
1. James the Lord’s brother,89 bishop of Jerusalem.
2. Cleopas, bishop of Jerusalem.
3. Matthias, who supplied the vacant place in the number of the twelve apostles.
4. Thaddeus, who conveyed the epistle to Augarus.
5. Ananias, who baptized Paul, and was bishop of Damascus.
6. Stephen, the first martyr.
7. Philip, who baptized the eunuch.
8. Prochorus, bishop of Nicomedia, who also was the first that departed,90 believing together with his daughters.
9. Nicanor died when Stephen was martyred.
10. Timon, bishop of Bostra.
11. Parmenas, bishop of Soli.
12. Nicolaus, bishop of Samaria.
13. Barnabas, bishop of Milan.
14. Mark the evangelist, bishop of Alexandria.
15. Luke the evangelist.
These two belonged to the seventy disciples who were scattered91 by the offence of the word which Christ spoke, “Except a man eat my flesh, and drink my blood, he is not worthy of me.” (Joh_6:53, Joh_6:66) But the one being induced to return to the Lord by Peter’s instrumentality, and the other by Paul’s, they were honoured to preach that Gospel92 on account of which they also suffered martyrdom, the one being burned, and the other being crucified on an olive tree.
16. Silas, bishop of Corinth.
17. Silvanus, bishop of Thessalonica.
18. Crisces (Crescens), bishop of Carchedon in Gaul.
19. Epaenetus, bishop of Carthage.
20. Andronicus, bishop of Pannonia.
21. Amplias, bishop of Odyssus.
22. Urban, bishop of Macedonia.
23. Stachys, bishop of Byzantium.
24. Barnabas, bishop of Heraclea.
25. Phygellus, bishop of Ephesus. He was of the party also of Simon.93
26. Hermogenes. He, too, was of the same mind with the former.
27. Demas, who also became a priest of idols.
28. Apelles, bishop of Smyrna.
29. Aristobulus, bishop of Britain.
30. Narcissus, bishop of Athens.
31. Herodion, bishop of Tarsus.
32. Agabus the prophet.
33. Rufus, bishop of Thebes.
34. Asyncritus, bishop of Hyrcania.
35. Phlegon, bishop of Marathon.
36. Hermes, bishop of Dalmatia.
37. Patrobulus,94 bishop of Puteoli.
38. Hermas, bishop of Philippi.
39. Linus, bishop of Rome.
40. Caius, bishop of Ephesus.
41. Philologus, bishop of Sinope.
42, 43. Olympus and Rhodion were martyred in Rome.
44. Lucius, bishop of Laodicea in Syria.
45. Jason, bishop of Tarsus.
46. Sosipater, bishop of Iconium.
47. Tertius, bishop of Iconium.
48. Erastus, bishop of Panellas.
49. Quartus, bishop of Berytus.
50. Apollo, bishop of Caesarea.
51. Cephas.95
52. Sosthenes, bishop of Colophonia.
53. Tychicus, bishop of Colophonia.
54. Epaphroditus, bishop of Andriace.
55. Caesar, bishop of Dyrrachium.
56. Mark, cousin to Barnabas, bishop of Apollonia.
57. Justus, bishop of Eleutheropolis.
58. Artemas, bishop of Lystra.
59. Clement, bishop of Sardinia.
60. Onesiphorus, bishop of Corone.
61. Tychicus, bishop of Chalcedon.
62. Carpus, bishop of Berytus in Thrace.
63. Evodus, bishop of Antioch.
64. Aristarchus, bishop of Apamea.
65. Mark, who is also John, bishop of Bibloupolis.
66. Zenas, bishop of Diospolis.
67. Philemon, bishop of Gaza.
68, 69. Aristarchus and Pudes.
70. Trophimus, who was martyred along with Paul.
Heads of the Canons of Abulides or Hippolytus, Which Are Used by the Aethiopian Christians.96
1. Of the holy faith of Jesus Christ.97
2. Of bishops.98
3. Of prayers spoken on the ordination of bishops, and of the order of the Missa.99
4. Of the ordination of presbyters.
5. Of the ordination of deacons.
6. Of those who suffer persecution for the faith.100
7. Of the election of reader and sub-deacon.101
8. Of the gift of healing.102
9. Of the presbyter who abides in a place inconvenient for his office.103
10. Of those who are converted to the Christian religion.
11. Of him who makes idols.103
12. Various pursuits104 are enumerated, the followers of which are not to be admitted to the Christian religion until repentance is exhibited.103
13. Of the place which the highest kings or princes shall occupy in the temple.105
14. That it is not meet for Christians to bear arms.106
15. Of works which are unlawful to Christians.106
16. Of the Christian who marries a slave-Woman.106
17. Of the free woman.106
18. Of the midwife; and that the women ought to be separate from the men in prayer.107
19. Of the catechumen who suffers martyrdom before baptism.108
20. Of the fast of the fourth and sixth holiday; and of Lent.109
21. That presbyters should assemble daily with the people in church.110
22. Of the week of the Jews’ passover; and of him who knows not passover (Easter).111
23. That every one be held to learn doctrine.112
24. Of the care of the bishop over the sick.113
25. Of him on whom the care of the sick is enjoined; and of the time at which prayers are to be made.114
26. Of the time at which exhortations are to be heard.106
27. Of him who frequents the temple every day.115
28. That the faithful ought to eat nothing before the holy communion.116
29. That care is to be well taken that nothing fall from the chalice to the ground.117
30. Of catechumens.118
31. That a deacon may dispense the Eucharist to the people with permission of a bishop or presbyter.119
32. That widows and virgins ought to pray constantly.120
33. That commemoration should be made of the faithful dead every day, with the exception of the Lord’s day.121
34. Of the sober behaviour of the secular122 in church.123
35. That deacons may pronounce the benediction and thanksgiving at the love-feasts when a bishop is not present.124
36. Of the first-fruits of the earth, and of vows.125
37. When a bishop celebrates the holy communion (Synaxis),126 the presbyters who stand by him should be clothed in white.127
38. That no one ought to sleep on the night of the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ.128
Canons of the Church of Alexandria Wrongly Ascribed to Hippolytus.129
In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, Amen. Those are the canons of the Church, ordinances which Hippolytus wrote, by whom the Church speaketh; and the number of them is thirty-eight canons. Greeting from the Lord.
Canon First. Of the Catholic faith. Before all things should we speak of the faith, holy and right, regarding our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God; and we have consequently placed that canon in the faith (the symbol); and we agree in this with all reasonable certitude, that the Trinity is equal perfectly in honour, and equal in glory, and has neither beginning nor end. The Word is the Son of God, and is Himself the Creator of every creature, of things visible and invisible. This we lay down with one accord, in opposition to those who have said boldly, that it is not right to speak of the Word of God as our Lord Jesus Christ spake. We come together chiefly to bring out the holy truth130 regarding God; and we have separated them, because they do not agree with the Church in theology, nor with us the sons of the Scriptures. On this account we have sundered them from the Church, and have left what concerns them to God, who will judge His creatures with justice.131 To those, moreover, who are not cognisant of them, we make this known without ill-will, in order that they may not rush into an evil death, like heretics, but may gain eternal life, and teach their sons and their posterity this one true faith.
Canon Second. Of bishops. A bishop should be elected by all the people, and he should be unimpeachable, as it is written of him in the apostle; in the week in which he is ordained, the whole people should also say, We desire him; and there should be silence in the whole hall, and they should all pray in his behalf, and say, O God, stablish him whom Thou hast prepared for us, etc.
Canon Third. Prayer in behalf of him who is made bishop, and the ordinance of the Missa.132 O God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies, and the God of all consolation, etc.
Canon Fourth. Of the ordination of a presbyter.
Canon Fifth. Of the constituting a deacon.
Canon Sixth. Of those who have suffered for the faith.
Canon Seventh. Of him who is elected reader and sub-deacon.
Canon Eighth. Of the gift of healings.
Canon Ninth. That a presbyter should not dwell in unbefitting places; and of the honour of widows.
Canon Tenth. Of those who wish to become Nazarenes (Christians).
Canon Eleventh. Of him who makes idols and images, or the artificer.
Canon Twelfth. Of the prohibition of those works, the authors of which are not to be received but on the exhibition of repentance.
Canon Thirteenth. Of a prince or a soldier, that they be not received indiscriminately.
Canon Fourteenth. That a Nazarene may not become a soldier unless by order.
Canon Fifteenth. Enumeration of works which are unlawful.
Canon Sixteenth. Of him who has a lawful wife, and takes another beside her.
Canon Seventeenth. Of a free-born woman, and her duties. Of midwives, and of the separation of men from women. Of virgins, that they should cover their faces and their heads.
Canon Eighteenth. Of women in childbed, and of midwives again.
Canon Nineteenth. Of catechumens, and the ordinance of Baptism and the Missa.
Canon Twentieth.Of the fast the six days, and of that of Lent.
Canon Twenty-first. Of the daily assembling of priests and people in the church.
Canon Twenty-second. Of the week of the Jews’ passover, wherein joy shall be put away, and of what is eaten therein; and of him who, being brought up abroad, is ignorant of the Calendar.133
Canon Twenty-third. Of doctrine, that it should be continuous, greater than the sea, and that its words ought to be fulfilled by deeds.
Canon Twenty-fourth. Of the bishop’s visitation of the sick; and that if an infirm man has prayed in the church, and has a house, he should go to him.
Canon Twenty-fifth. Of the procurator appointed for the sick, and of the bishop, and the times of prayer.
Canon Twenty-sixth. Of the hearing of the word in church, and of praying in it.
Canon Twenty-seventh. Of him who does not come to church daily, – let him read books; and of prayer at midnight and cock-crowing, and of the washing of hands at the time of any prayer.
Canon Twenty-eighth. That none of the believers should taste anything, but after he has taken the sacred mysteries, especially in the days of fasting.
Canon Twenty-ninth. Of the keeping of oblations which are laid upon the altar, – that nothing fall into the sacred chalice, and that nothing fall from the priests, nor from the boys when they take communion; that an evil spirit rule them not, and that no one speak in the protection,134 except in prayer; and when the oblations of the people cease, let psalms be read with all attention, even to the signal of the bell; and of the sign of the cross, and the casting of the dust of the altar into the pool.135
Canon Thirtieth. Of catechumens and the like.
Canon Thirty-first. Of the bishop and presbyter bidding the deacons present the communion.
Canon Thirty-second. Of virgins and widows, that they should pray and fast in the church. Let those who are given to the clerical order pray according to their judgment. Let not a bishop be bound to fasting but with the clergy. And on account of a feast or supper, let him prepare for the poor.136
Canon Thirty-third. Of the Atalmsas (the oblation), which they shall present for those who are dead, that it be not done on the Lord’s day.
Canon Thirty-fourth. That no one speak much, nor make a clamour; and of the entrance of the saints into the mansions of the faithful.
Canon Thirty-fifth. Of a deacon present at a feast at which there is a presbyter present, – let him do his part in prayer and the breaking of bread for a blessing, and not for the body; and of the discharge of widows.
Canon Thirty-sixth. Of the first-fruits of the earth, and the first dedication of them; and of presses, oil, honey, milk, wool, and the like, which may be offered to the bishop for his blessing.
Canon Thirty-seventh. As often as a bishop takes of the sacred mysteries, let the deacons and presbyters be gathered together, clothed in white robes, brilliant in the view of all the people; and in like manner with a reader.
Canon Thirty-eighth. Of the night on which our Lord Jesus Christ rose. That no one shall sleep on that night, and wash himself with water; and a declaration concerning such a one; and a declaration concerning him who sins after baptism, and of things lawful and unlawful.
The sacred canons of the holy patriarch Hippolytus, the first patriarch of the great city of Rome,137 which he composed, are ended; and the number of them is thirty-eight canons. May the Lord help us to keep them. And to God be glory for ever, and on us be His mercy for ever. Amen.
Elucidations.
I.
(The God-bearing Mary)
“This name” (θεοτόκος), says Pearson, “was first in use in the Greek Church, which, delighting in the happy compositions of that language, so called the Blessed Virgin; from which the Latins, in imitation, styled her Virginem Deiparam,” etc.… Yet those ancient Greeks which call the Virgin θεοτόκος, did not call her μητέρα τοῦ Θεοῦ, “Mother of God.” This was very different to a pious ear, and rests on no synodical authority. The very learned notes of Pearson, On the Creed, pp. 297, 299, should by all means be consulted. Leo of Rome, called “the Great,” seems to have coined the less orthodox expression, relying on Holy Scripture, indeed, in the salutation of Elisabeth (Luk_1:43). This term has been sadly abused for Mariolatry.
II.
(Synaxis)
It seems to me worth while to quote a few words from the new and critical edition of Leighton’s Works, which should be consulted for fuller information.138 The editor says: “Leighton uses a word for the Holy Communion which is worth noting, because it is rarely used by Western theologians.” The word Synaxis is but a Christianized form of the word Synagogue; but, like the word κοινωνία, it points to Christ’s mystical body, – “gathering together in one the children of God.” Synaxis = συνάγει εἰς ἕν. It sums up the idea, “We, being many, are one Bread and one Body, for we are all partakers of that one Bread.” Compare Joh_11:52 and 1Co_10:15.
St. Chrysostom calls the Synaxis φρικωδεστάτη, which is a very different thing from maxime tremenda, as applied to the modern “Mass,” in behalf of which it is quoted. For Chrysostom applies it to the participation of the “Synaxis,” and not to the “oblation,” much less to the “Host” as an object of adoration, of which he never heard or dreamed. He calls “the Synaxis” Shudderful (to borrow a word from the Germans), because the unworthy recipient, in the Synaxis, eats and drinks his own condemnation.139 One must ever be on his guard against the subtlety which reads into the Fathers modern ideas under ancient phrases.140 Precisely so Holy Scripture itself is paraphrased into Trent doctrine, as in Act_13:2 the Louvain versionists rendered the text, “And while they offered the sacrifice of the Mass and fasted.”
FOOTNOTES
71 κεκαλλώπισται.
72 δέσποτα.
73 φοβερέ.
74 ἀθάνατε.
75 φιλάνθρώπε.
76 συνάναρχος.
77 δημιουργήσας.
78 συμπέρασμα.
79 Tossings, μετεωρισμούς. [“Tossings,” etc. Does it refer to the somersaults of harlequins?]
80 Or Albanum.
81 [The general tradition is, that he was flayed alive, and then crucified.]
82 [See Scrivener, Introduction, p. 282, note 1, and Lardner, Credib., ii. 494, etc.]
83 Μάργοις. Combefisius proposes Μάρδοις. Jerome has “Magis.”
84 The text is ἐλακήδη ἐλογχιάσθη, ἐλακήδη being probably for ἐλάτῃ.
85 Καλαμήνῃ. Steph. le Moyne reads Καραμήνῃ.
86 Αἰδεσινοῖς.
87 ὁ ΚαϚαϚίτης.
88 In the Codex Baroccian, 206. This is found also, along with the former piece, On the Twelve Apostles, in two codices of the Coislinian or Seguierian Library, as Montfaucon states in his recension of the Greek manuscripts of that library. He mentions also a third codex of Hippolytus, On the Twelve Apostles. [Probably spurious, yet antique.]
89 ἀδελφόθεος.
90 ἐξελθών.
91 The text is, οὖτοι οἱ β ̓ τῶν ό τυγχανόντων διασκορπισθέντων. It may be meant for, “these two of the seventy were scattered,” etc.
92 εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, perhaps = write of that Gospel, as the Latin version puts it. [But St. Mark’s body is said to be in Venice.]
93 Magus.
94 Rom_16:14, Πατρόβας.
95 In the manuscript there is a lacuna here.
96 These were first published in French by Jo. Michael Wanslebius in his book De Ecclesia Alexandrina, Paris, 1677, p. 12; then in Latin, by Job Ludolfus, in his Commentar. ad historiam Aethiopicam, Frankfort, 1691, p. 333; and by William Whiston, in vol. iii. of his Primitive Christianity Revived, published in English at London, 1711 p. 543. He has also noted the passages in the Constitutionis Apostolicae, treating the same matters.
97 Constit. Apostol., Lib. vi. ch. 11, etc.
98 Constit. Apostol., Lib. vii. ch. 41.
99 Constit. Apostol., Lib. vii. ch. 4, 5, 10. [The service of the faithful, Missa Fidelium, not the modern Mass. See Bingham, book. xv. The Missa was an innocent word for the dismission of those not about to receive the Communion. See Guettée, Exposition, p. 433.]
100 Constit. Apostol., Lib. viii. ch. 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 45.
101 Constit. Apostol., Lib. viii. ch. 21, 22.
102 Constit. Apostol., Lib. viii. ch. 1, 2.
103 Constit. Apostol., Lib. viii. ch. 46, 32.
104 Studia.
105 Wanting.
106 Constit. Apostol., Lib. viii. ch. 32.
107 Constit. Apostol., Lib. ii. ch. 57.
108 Constit. Apostol., Lib. v. ch. 6.
109 Constit. Apostol., Lib. v. ch. 13, 15.
110 Constit. Apostol., Lib. ii. ch. 36.
111 Constit. Apostol., Lib. v. ch. 15, etc.
112 Constit. Apostol., Lib. vii. ch. 39, 40, 41.
113 Constit. Apostol., Lib. iv. ch. 2.
114 Constit. Apostol., Lib. iii. ch. 19, viii. ch. 34.
115 Constit. Apostol., Lib. ii. ch. 59.
116 Wanting.
117 Wanting.
118 Constit. Apostol., Lib. vii. ch. 39, etc.
119 Constit. Apostol., Lib. viii. ch. 28.
120 Constit. Apostol., Lib. iii. ch. 6, 7, 13.
121 Constit. Apostol., Lib iv. ch. 14, viii. ch. 41-44.
122 i.e., laymen.
123 Constit. Apostol., Lib. ii. ch. 57.
124 Wanting.
125 Or offerings. Constit. Apostol., Lib. ii. ch. 25.
126 [Synaxis. Elucidation II.]
127 Constit. Apostol., Lib. vii. ch. 29, viii. 30, 31. [See the whole history of ecclesiastical antiquity, on this point, in the learned work of Wharton B. Marriott, Vestiarium Christianum, London, Rivingtons, 1868.]
128 Constit. Apostol., Lib. viii. ch. 12, v. ch. 19.
129 De Magistris, Acta Martyrum ad Ostia Tiberina, Rome, 1795, fol. Append., p. 478. [Bunsen, vol. ii. p. 302.]
130 [Ad proferendum sancte. A very primitive token.]
131 [Note this mild excommunication of primitive ages.]
132 Ordinatio missae [Missa. See note 99, p. 256, supra.]
133 Connection, textum.
134 Sanctuary [Guettée, p. 424. Within the chancel-rails.]
135 [Bells first used in the fourth century by Paulinus in Campania.]
136 And of the preparing a table for the poor.
137 [A very strange title in many respects. But see p. 239, supra.]
138 Leighton, Works, edited by West, of Nairn, vol. vi. p. 243, note. London, Longmans, 1870.
139 1Co_11:29-34. Chrysostom evidently has in view the apostle’s argument, based on Communion as a Synaxis, and not on its hierurgic aspects.
140 Mendham’s Literary Policy of the Church of Rome (passim), and also the old work of James, On the Corruption of Scripture, Councils, and Fathers, a new edition. London: Parker, 1843.